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· It is lawful to make use of pure soil (Tayammum) instead of performing ablution with water, if there is no water or if it might cause harm.

· To perform Tayammum, one must put one’s hands onto clean soil (dust) and then wipe the face and palms

· Tayammum is nullified in the same way as ablution with water, as well as if water becomes available, or the reason for not using water no longer exists.^[10]

· It is permitted to wipe over light leather socks or stockings on condition that they are to be worn while one is ritually pure, i.e. after the ablution or the purifying bath has been performed, they are to be removed only to wash the feet, and the time for wiping over the socks should not exceed a day and a night for the resident and three nights for the traveler and the socks should cover the feet and the ankle and should not be transparent.

]Evidence from Qur'an and Sunnah

Allah says:

]وَإِن كُنتُم مَّرْضَى أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ أَوْ جَاء أَحَدٌ مَّنكُم مِّنَ الْغَائِطِ أَوْ لاَمَسْتُمُ النِّسَاء فَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ مَاء فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم[ (النساء: 43)

This means: “And if you are ill, or on a journey, or one of you comes after answering the call of nature, or you have been in contact with women (by sexual relations) and you find no water, perform Tayammum with clean earth and rub therewith your faces and hands (Tayammum).”
(4, An-Nisa’: 43)

`Ammar Ibn Yasir (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated:

“The Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon him) wiped with pure earth (their hands and face) to offer the Dawn prayer in the company of the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him). They struck the ground with their palms and wiped their faces once. Then they repeated and struck the ground with their palms once again and wiped their arms completely up to the shoulders and up to the armpits with the inner side of their hands.” (Reported by Abu Dawud)

Ruling concerning wiping on the boots of light leather, and others that take the same ruling:

A different interpretation of the verse: (5, Al-Ma’idah: 6) is:
“…, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads, and your feet…”.

Al-Mughirah Ibn Shu`bah narrated:

“I poured water while the Prophet (peace be upon him) performed ablution in the Battle of Tabuk. He wiped over the upper part of the socks and their lower part.” (Reported by Abu Dawud)

`Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated:

“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stipulated (the upper limit) of three days and three nights for a traveler and one day and one night for the resident.” (Reported by Muslim, Abu Dawud, and At-Tirmidhi)

`Ubay Ibn `Umarah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated:

“I asked: Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) may I wipe over the socks? He replied: Yes. I asked: For one day? He replied: For one day. I asked again: And for two days? He replied: For two days too. I asked again: And for three days? He replied: Yes, as long as you wish.”
(Reported by Abu Dawud and Ibn Majah)

Boots of light leather (or stockings) should be worn after purification:

When Al-Mughirah Ibn Shu`bah stretched out his hand to take off the Prophet’s Khuff (leather socks) during performing Wudu’, he said:

“Leave them. I put them on after performing Wudu’”
(Reported by Al-Bukhari and Muslim)

There is a fixed time for permitting wiping:

`Ali Ibn Abi Talib (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated:

“The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) stipulated (the upper limit) of three days and three nights for a traveler and one day and one night for the resident.” (Reported by Muslim)

Wiping the splint:

Concerning the person who had his head wounded, washed it; and, accordingly, died, the Prophet (peace be upon him) said:

“It was sufficient for him to perform Tayammum, put a piece of cloth on his wound, then wipe it, and wash the rest of his body.”
(Reported by Abu Dawud)